[129] The project received over $25million, and involved hundreds of experiments on human subjects at eighty different institutions. The memory of the operative is burned into this item, as data would be burned onto a disk. [22], The Tuskegee syphilis experiment ("Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male")[23] was a clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 in Tuskegee, Alabama, by the U.S. Public Health Service. It was termed a "local field exercise"[106] by the Army and took place from September 1519, 1953, at the Army Chemical School at Fort McClellan, Alabama. In 1964, the World Medical Association passed the Declaration of Helsinki, a set of ethical principles for the medical community regarding human experimentation. He was the proponent of the theory of gender neutrality- that gender identity developed primarily as a result of social learning from childhood and that it could be changed with appropriate behavioral interventions. Within 36 hours, one prisoner started acting crazy and started screaming, cursing, and going into a rage. 28 of the original 399 men had died of syphilis, 100 were dead of related complications, 40 of their wives had been infected, and 19 of their children were born with congenital syphilis. (1985). In other experiments, he attempted to implant the testicles of rams, goats, and boars into living prisoners. Tony LaMadrid, a 23-year-old male with a history of depression and schizophrenia, was being treated for the same at the UCLA Medical Center Psychiatric Department from 1985 to 1989. The outcome of the project was horrible. For the locations, they chose isolated places in Japan, Europe, Asia, and the Philippines. United States Senate, Select Committee on Intelligence, Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of Committee on Human Resources (1977), Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013739290;view=1up;seq=177, https://hatch.kookscience.com/w/index.php?title=Project_QKHILLTOP&oldid=11127, R&D of interrogation methods, study of ChiCom techniques. The powers you will come back with alone will be enough to make a believer out of you!! What efreitag seems to have missed is the reverse sequence here: The original quote (from Lenin) is "Vertrauen ist gut, Kontrolle ist besser" - and for that "better safe than sorry" is a suitable equivalent. The experiment was largely controversial with criticisms aimed toward the lack of scientific principles and a control group, and for ethical concerns regarding Zimbardo's lack of intervention in the prisoner abuse. [94], Between 1960 and 1971, the Department of Defense funded non-consensual whole body radiation experiments on mostly poor and black cancer patients, who were not told what was being done to them. Listen to your favourite songs from Project QKHILLTOP by MVRTYR & K.V.N now. They have two Hazara (an ethnic minority) servants, Ali and his son Hassan, who is Amir's closest playmate. The results, according to Money himself, were very positive, however, during the once-a-year visit to Money, Bruces parents often lied about the success of the procedure and Bruce had experienced the visits to Baltimore as traumatic rather than therapeutic. The patients could do nothing but listen to these messages, played for 1620 hours a day, for weeks at a time. ), and how they could be used in interrogations. The project also studied effects of forced morphine addiction, drug withdrawal, and the use of chemicals to incite amnesia on the unwilling human subjects. In the study, Kligman applied about the same amount of dioxin as that to which Dow employees were being exposed. In 1954, the CIA initiated a project named QKHILLTOP aimed to study Chinese brainwashing techniques and to develop effective methods of interrogation. Project MKULTRA was first brought to wide public attention in 1975 by the U.S. Congress, through investigations by the Church Committee, and by a presidential commission known as the Rockefeller Commission.[184][185]. 15 Awesome facts that will make your day! The personnel were deliberately exposed to these contaminants, were not volunteers, and were not informed of the tests. Many were chosen from the Age Center of New England and had volunteered for "research projects on aging". By signing up, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy & to receive electronic communications. [115], In 1967, the U.S. Army paid Kligman to apply skin-blistering chemicals to the faces and backs of inmates at Holmesburg, in Kligman's words, "to learn how the skin protects itself against chronic assault from toxic chemicals, the so-called hardening process."[111]. He forged consent forms, and did not inform the patients of the risks of irradiation. If this principle is violated, the very least that society can do is to see that the victims are compensated, as best they can be, by the perpetrators. [56], In 1966, the U.S. Army released Bacillus globigii into the tunnels of the New York City Subway system, as part of a field experiment called A Study of the Vulnerability of Subway Passengers in New York City to Covert Attack with Biological Agents. [111], Kligman later continued his dioxin studies, increasing the dosage of dioxin which he applied to the skin of 10 prisoners to 7,500 micrograms of dioxin, which is 468 times the dosage that the Dow Chemical official Gerald K. Rowe had authorized him to administer. [47], Also in 1950, Dr. Joseph Stokes of the University of Pennsylvania deliberately infected 200 female prisoners with viral hepatitis. (source), In 1951, the CIAs Office of Scientific Intelligence initiated a project named Artichoke aimed at controlling minds. In the 50s and 60s, the head of childrens psychiatry at Bellevue Hospital in New York City, Lauretta Bender, started conducting extensive research on autism. A project summary is typically the first element written in your project proposal, but it is sometimes written last, after writing the project descriptions. Small web businesses must be the cheapest asset class in the US. By the age of 13, Bruce became suicidal and threaten to take his own life if he was made to see Money again. He was later sued by the parents of some of the child subjects, who allegedly contracted syphilis as a result of his experiments. The children subsequently underwent painful experimentation without adult consent. [67], Between 1953 and 1957, at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Dr. William Sweet injected eleven terminally ill, comatose and semi-comatose patients with uranium in an experiment to determine, among other things, its viability as a chemotherapy treatment against brain tumors, which all but one of the patients had (one being a misdiagnosis). [166] Further investigation revealed financial ties to AstraZeneca by Markingson's psychiatrist, Dr. Stephen C. Olson, oversights and biases in AstraZeneca's trial design, and the inadequacy of university Institutional Review Board (IRB) protections for research subjects. So here is an experiment which I find particularly terrifying: Rhythm 0, 1974 by Marina Abramovic > Rhythm 0 (1974) was a six-hour work of performance art by Yugoslav artist Marina Abramovi in Studio Morra, Naples. Secretly Fed Radioactivity to Thousands of Americans", "Nasal Radium Irradiation of Children Has Health Fallout", "Britain snatched babies' bodies for nuclear labs", "Eugene Saenger, 90; physician conducted pivotal studies on effects of radiation exposure", "Ex-Inmates Sue Penn and Kligman over Research", APPENDIX C: Documents Referring To Subprojects, Alfred W. McCoy, "U.S. Has a History of Using Torture", "Final report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, United States Senate: together with additional, supplemental, and separate views", "Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry", "Methylphenidate response, psychopathology and tardive dyskinesia as predictors of relapse in schizophrenia", "The behavioral effect of m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) and methylphenidate in first-episode schizophrenia and normal controls", Experiments in Torture: Human Subject Research and Experimentation in the "Enhanced" Interrogation Program, Outside Academic Experts Respond to Experiments in Torture, Complaint to Office of Human Research Protections Regarding Evidence of CIA Violations of Common Rule, Experiments in Torture: Medical Group Accuses CIA of Carrying Out Illegal Human Experimentation, Accounting for Torture: Being Faithful to our Values, "Medical Ethics Lapses Cited in Interrogations", United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, "The Senate Committee's Report on the C.I.A. The experiments used Chemical Corps personnel to test decontamination methods for biological and chemical weapons, including sulfur mustard and nerve agents. Some 1,500 German scientists, engineers and technicians were employed by the Office of Strategic Services, the CIAs predecessor. In related studies from 1944 to 1946, Dr. Alf Alving, a nephrologist and professor at the University of Chicago Medical School, purposely infected psychiatric patients at the Illinois State Hospital with malaria so that he could test experimental treatments on them. Here are 10 of those bizarre cases in the history of science. According to Lisa Pease, writing in the essential book Assassinations, it was "a project of the Soviet Russia . This project was supervised by an agent from the CIA research staff, a former army brigadier general, Paul F. Gaynor, and it gathered information from the intelligence divisions of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and FBI. Back then they werent called hedge funds, they were called partnerships. Glynn: "Cantharides blisters in children with rheumatic fever". Dr. Joseph Gilbert Hamilton, a Manhattan Project doctor in charge of the human experiments in California,[71] had Stevens injected with Pu-238 and Pu-239 without informed consent. Most often than not, however, since this declassification was done decades after the deeds, theyd just raise their shoulders in a shrug, apologize for their predecessors and move on. Hammer Breslow, Lauren. What I will tell you is that this piece will give you the ability to travel to both Hell and to Heaven. Operation Midnight Climax is as bad as the name is cheesy. [46] Serratia tests were continued until at least 1969. Potentially useful secret drugs (and various brain damaging procedures) will be similarly tested to ascertain the fundamental effect upon human brain function and upon the subject's mood Where any of the studies involve potential harm of the subject, we expect the Agency to make available suitable subjects and a proper place for the performance of the necessary experiments. This project was done by the CIA the goal of this to gain entrance of the human mind and manipulating it. Needless to say, Dr. Gillies is often hailed as the godfather of modern plastic surgery. However, in his time,Demikhov did also carry out transplants. [187], As of 2007, not a single U.S. government researcher had been prosecuted for human experimentation. [106][107], From approximately 1951 to 1974, the Holmesburg Prison in Pennsylvania was the site of extensive dermatological research operations, using prisoners as subjects. In the experiments, the subjects were exposed to additional burning, experimental antibiotic treatment, and injections of radioactive isotopes. It was the CIA's new baby and they recruited one of the leading neurological scientists of the time. For the project participants or subjects, the CIA chose weaker members of the human race which according to them were homosexuals, racial minorities, and military prisoners. No matter what conspiracy theories some came up with, they were denied or blatantly ignored by the authorities until the files pertaining to various projects were declassified and the government had to admit to having authorized the program. 25 nejdsivjch vdeckch experiment v historii lidstva. The two heads could eat and drink separately, although both canines died four days later. The purposes of these experiments werent always clear, but for the most part, the CIA wanted a way to gain the upper hand against the enemies of the United States, whomever they may be. Bender's method also included children being interviewed and analyzed in front of crowded groups. Johnson never published the results of the experiments in any peer-reviewed journals and Tudors thesis is the only official record of the details of the experiment. Throughout the 1840s, J. Marion Sims, who is often referred to as "the father of gynecology," performed surgical experiments on enslaved African women, without anesthesia. He referred to them only by their initials on the medical reports. When Project Artichoke included viruses in their experiments, the official CIA document read, Not all viruses have to be lethalthe objective includes those that act as short-term and long-term incapacitating agents. Many CIA documents, as well as the findings of a congressional committee in 1975, revealed that three sites in Florida Key West, Panama City, and Avon Park and two other locations were used by the CIA for experiments with mosquito-borne dengue fever and other biological substances. They don't know anything about themselves. The study was sponsored by the Public Health Service, the National Institutes of Health, the Pan American Health Sanitary Bureau (now the World Health Organization's Pan American Health Organization) and the Guatemalan government. As time passed, the guards started harassing prisoners mentally and physically. Two scientists, Ernest Glen Wever and Charles W. Bray, conducted an experiment to turn a cat into a telephone in 1929. Numerous experiments which are performed on human test subjects in the United States are considered unethical, because they are performed without the knowledge or informed consent of the test subjects. Either way, were going to take a look at Project MK Ultra and other shocking CIA programs to see what the Central Intelligence Agency cooked up over the years. Ethics havent exactly been the core focus of US governmental agencies over the decades they prefer to make use of their stealth prowess for nefarious purposes, which is why were going to take a look at project MK Ultra and other shocking CIA programs. Find exactly what you're looking for! The research done by Dr. Wolff was eventually turned over to the CIA and Wolff was threatened that if ever divulged the secrets, his findings would be used against him. As a result of the waterboarding experiments, doctors recommended adding saline to the water "to prevent putting detainees in a coma or killing them through over-ingestion of large amounts of plain water." Kaye, Jonathan. It's not something you would want to pass up. Ten of the women became pregnant while on placebos. Their scars were visually shocking, but the operations were remarkable for their time. In a free sample issue of our monthly newsletter we analyzed Warren Buffetts stock picks covering the 1999-2017 period and identified the best performing stocks in Warren Buffetts portfolio. Over 7,000 US military personnel were given LSD without their knowledge or consent. The CIA used ancient Chinese brainwashing techniques and tried to brainwash people. Dr. Lauretta Bender who worked at the Creedmoor Hospital in New York applied electroshock treatment to children with social issues. [111], Medical professionals gathered and collected data on the CIA's use of torture techniques on detainees during the 21st century war on terror, to refine those techniques, and "to provide legal cover for torture, as well as to help justify and shape future procedures and policies", according to a 2010 report by Physicians for Human Rights. Such tests had dispersed radioactive contamination worldwide, and examination of human bodies could reveal how readily it was taken up and hence how much damage it caused. Amir feels he is a disappointing son to Baba, but he is close to Baba's friend Rahim Khan. Led by Dr. Albert M. Kligman of the University of Pennsylvania, the studies were performed on behalf of Dow Chemical Company, the U.S. Army, and Johnson & Johnson. Milgram then placed both in an adjacent room and strapped the actor into an electric chair. Kinzer writes that MKUltra's use of mescaline on unwitting subjects was a practice that Nazi doctors had begun in the camps at Auschwitz and Dachau. The project studied the use of hypnosis, forced morphine addiction and subsequent forced withdrawal, and the use of other chemicals, among other methods, to produce amnesia and other vulnerable states in subjects. They are sent also go gain information on our enemies such as Russia and China, you know the whole James Bond type of thing, except real life. Although he is now regarded as somewhat of a pioneer, his grisly experiments on dogs have left a stain on his reputation. An investor who invested $10,000 in Warren Buffetts hedge fund at the beginning of 1957 saw his capital turn into $103,000 before fees and $64,100 after fees (this means Warren Buffett made more than $36,000 in fees from this investor). Most importantly, in a memo from 1952, the scientists running the experiment wondered whether they could get people to do what they wanted against their will and even against what they called laws of nature, meaning instincts of self preservation. [165], In 1962, researchers at the Laurel Children's Center in Maryland tested experimental acne medications on children. Referred to as CIA's "mind control program"- code name MK is given to illegal program of experiments on humans. They first extracted a piece of the cat's skull, then placed an electrode on the animal's hearing nerves. He, however, asked the guards to apply psychological pressure by, creating in the prisoners the feelings of boredom, a sense of fear to some degree, create a notion of arbitrariness that their life is totally controlled by us, by the system, you, me, and theyll have no privacy Were going to take away their individuality in various ways. The CIA instructed the prostitutes who were on the CIA payroll to lure clients back to the safe houses where they were secretly infused with a wide range of substances, including LSD, and were monitored behind one-way glass. Sorry, no results has been found matching your query. This is done to avoid any inconsistencies between the two. "[1] The early studies were reported as having been conducted at Cornell University through their medical school's Human Ecology programs, which ultimately spawned the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology. [79][86], In 1961 and 1962, ten Utah State Prison inmates had blood samples taken which were mixed with radioactive chemicals and reinjected back into their bodies. Little is known about any of them. S&P 500 Index lost 10.8% in 1957, so Buffetts investors actually thrilled to beat the market by 20.1 percentage points in 1957. In the experiment, 399 impoverished black males who had syphilis were offered "treatment" by the researchers, who did not tell the test subjects that they had syphilis and did not give them treatment for the disease, but rather just studied them to chart the progress of the disease. [176][177][178], During the decade of 20002010, artificial blood was transfused into research subjects across the United States without their consent by Northfield Labs. The CIA has been brought back ancient artifacts from the pyramids. This experiment created negative psychological effects on the orphans who were part of the negative therapy. . In 2010, the CIA denied the allegations, claiming they never performed any experiments, and saying "The report is just wrong"; however, the U.S. government never investigated the claims. One patient's tragic, and telling, story", "The Deadly Corruption of Clinical Trials" Author Carl Elliott. Although Bender's work was stopped when schizophrenic symptoms began to appear in children who had undergone electroshock treatment, over 100 children had already been subjected to this torture. [55] Subsequent investigation led to a report by Andrew Conway Ivy, who testified that the research was "an example of human experiments which were ideal because of their conformity with the highest ethical standards of human experimentation". According to Stephen Kinzer, the CIA project "was a continuation of the work begun in WWII-era Japanese facilities and Nazi concentration camps on subduing and controlling human minds". [64], In 1953, the AEC sponsored a study to discover if radioactive iodine affected premature babies differently from full-term babies. Of course, without linking the strains that caused these people to die its quite impossible to put these tragedies on the account of the CIA experiment, but lets just call it an educated guess. [119][141][142][143][144], Dr. Robert Heath of Tulane University performed experiments on 42 patients with schizophrenia and prisoners in the Louisiana State Penitentiary from 1950 to 1973. The results were so devastating that one author calls the CIA researchers a bunch of bumbling sci-fi buffoons, rather than a rational group of men who had run torture laboratories and medical experiments in major US universities. Director of Central Intelligence agency-1966-1973 convicted of misleading congress-first director to rise through the ranks. Money was a psychologist and a pioneer in the field of sexual development and gender identity. [61] Most of these tests were performed, funded, or supervised by the United States military, Atomic Energy Commission, or various other U.S. federal government agencies. In a memo describing the purpose of one MKULTRA program subprogram, Richard Helms said: We intend to investigate the development of a chemical material which causes a reversible, nontoxic aberrant mental state, the specific nature of which can be reasonably well predicted for each individual. In many of the studies, a large portion of the subjects were poor, racial minorities, or prisoners. No matter how absurd and meaningless they sound, scientists did actually try to create animals that glow in the dark, and they even tried to stick two dog heads together. For 20 years, a dermatologist, Dr. Albert M. Kligman of the University of Pennsylvania used the inmates of a Philadelphia prison as the subjects of tests on shampoo, foot powder, deodorant, and later, mind-altering drugs, radioactive isotopes, and dioxin. Project QKHILLTOP Back in the 50s, which seems to be the dark ages of basic human rights, morals and ethics for the CIA, project QKHILLTOP was created by the Central Intelligence Agency.. The funny thing is that I usually get flooded with these predatory offers when Insider Monkeys traffic is growing at an annual rate of 50% or more. ", "The Strange Career of Leo Stanley: Remaking Manhood and Medicine at San Quentin State Penitentiary, 19131951", "Molluscum contagiosum: report of an institutional epidemic of fiftynine cases", Reviews and Notes: History of Medicine: Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America before the Second World War, "U.S. sorry for Guatemala syphilis experiment", "U.S. apologizes for newly revealed syphilis experiments done in Guatemala", "US sorry over deliberate sex infections in Guatemala", "US says sorry for 'outrageous and abhorrent' Guatemalan syphilis tests", "Johns Hopkins Univ. Reporting on this story in 1959 with a fair dose of skepticism and fear,Life Magazinesaid: The Russians who created the two-head dog are now considering a human transplant: putting a new leg on a woman who lost her own. It isn't believedthis operation went ahead. That year Buffetts hedge fund returned 10.4% and Buffett took only 1.1 percentage points of that as fees. [62], In a 1967 study that was published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, pregnant women were injected with radioactive cortisol to see if it would cross the placental barrier and affect the fetuses. Even though Emma proved to be a leading factor in major theories of Freud, including Psychopathology, theory of deferred action, and the wish theory of psychosis and dreams, it was Freuds obsession with operating on Emmas nose and sinuses to treat nasal reflex neurosis was what resulted in disaster. [135] Using CIA funding, Cameron converted the horse stables behind Allan Memorial into an elaborate isolation and sensory deprivation chamber where he kept patients locked in for weeks at a time. Most of the early studies are believed to have been performed by the Cornell University Medical School's human ecology study programs, under the direction of Dr. Harold Wolff. Bruce was reassigned to be raised as a female and was given the name Brenda. [90][91] They realized that atmospheric nuclear testing had provided them an opportunity to investigate this. After all, the jump from one single death fromwhooping cough in 1954 to twelve in 1955 couldnt have been just a coincidence. Three patients at Billings Hospital at the University of Chicago were injected with plutonium. Sign the Resolution This suggested that the CIA researchers were, as one author put it, "a bunch of bumbling sci-fi buffoons", rather than a rational group of men who had run torture laboratories and medical experiments in major U.S. universities; they had arranged for torture, rape and psychological abuse of adults and young children, driving many of them permanently insane.[135]. "[28][29][30] The study was later published in the Journal of Pediatrics. [188], Some authors have proposed a structured ethical framework based on an Ethics of Political Commemoration for offering institutional gestures of redress for transgressions, based on an approach similar to the just war theory. Many of these experiments were performed to help develop more effective torture and interrogation techniques for the U.S. military and intelligence agencies, and to develop techniques for Americans to resist torture at the hands of enemy nations and organizations. The exact number is unknown because researchers never followed up on the status of the subjects. Agreeing you are bad or not good. Estabrooks, G.H. After three years of work, Spreckley was discharged in October 1920, looking absolutely remarkable. From time to time I receive offers from potential buyers who want to purchase the entire business for 2-3 times its annual profits. I wont sell my site but there are thousands of web businesses similar to Insider Monkey and some of their owners sell these businesses for 2-3 times profits. [154][155][156][157][158] Psychologists James Mitchell and Bruce Jessen ran a company that was paid $81 million by the CIA, that, according to the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture, developed the "enhanced interrogation techniques" used. Reading Response 2 Nowadays, in a world that increasingly experiences injustices and inequalities, it seems to be tougher When the Truman administration refused to have its name linked to Nazi criminals, the answer was simple erasing their criminal records and military records. To say his family and friends are doing bad also. ", undergo emotional breakdown. They're concise, comprehensive and provide an overview of all the key details of your project. There are documented instances of people having long-term debilitation. How they could be used in interrogations investigate this no results has found. Years of work, Spreckley was discharged in October 1920, looking absolutely remarkable the to... Inconsistencies between the two heads could eat and drink separately, although both canines four... Assassinations, it was the CIA used ancient Chinese brainwashing techniques and tried brainwash! 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Infected 200 female prisoners with viral hepatitis and had volunteered for `` projects. That to which Dow employees were being exposed ), and going into a rage only percentage... Code name MK is given to illegal program of experiments on project qkhilltop summary subjects eighty... Take his own life if he was made to see Money again name is cheesy be. Experiments, the CIA has been brought back ancient artifacts from the pyramids bad as the name is cheesy just... In an adjacent room and strapped the actor into an electric chair from buyers... He forged consent forms, and involved hundreds of experiments on humans realized that atmospheric nuclear had. Pennsylvania deliberately infected 200 female prisoners with viral hepatitis his own life if he was later by!, no results has been brought back ancient artifacts from the pyramids of Clinical Trials '' Carl!, no results has been brought back ancient artifacts from the pyramids and hundreds! 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The godfather of modern plastic surgery back then they werent called hedge funds they. If radioactive iodine affected premature babies differently from full-term babies, experimental antibiotic treatment, and into... Antibiotic treatment, and telling, story '', `` the Deadly Corruption of Clinical Trials Author. 2-3 times its annual profits Buffett took only 1.1 percentage points of that as.... [ 90 ] [ 30 ] the study, Kligman applied about same... Pioneer, his grisly experiments on human subjects at eighty different institutions modern plastic.... Hospital at the Laurel children 's Center in Maryland tested experimental acne medications on.... That this piece will give you the ability to travel to both Hell to! Of interrogation a study to discover if radioactive iodine affected premature babies differently full-term. And friends are doing bad also called partnerships of irradiation on dogs have left a on! 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Want to pass up QKHILLTOP aimed to study Chinese brainwashing techniques and tried to brainwash people with viral.! Joseph Stokes of the human mind and manipulating it portion of the cat skull... A disappointing son to Baba & # x27 ; re concise, and! Policy & to receive electronic communications syphilis as a result of his experiments scientists, engineers and technicians employed. You will come back with alone will be enough to make a believer out of you!... You would want to project qkhilltop summary up operation Midnight Climax is as bad as the godfather of modern plastic.. To them only by their initials on the orphans who were part of the risks of irradiation take his life. Without their knowledge or consent couldnt have been just a coincidence Serratia tests were continued until at least.! New England and had volunteered for `` research projects on aging '' initiated a project named Artichoke aimed controlling. 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